Analysing Early Diagnosis Strategies for HIV Infection: A Retrospective Study of Missed Diagnostic Opportunities.

Early diagnosis of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected person represents a cornerstone of HIV prevention, treatment, and care. Numerous publications have developed recommendations where HIV serology is indicated to reduce missed diagnostic opportunities (MDOs). This retrospective study analyses new HIV infection diagnoses and the relationship between late diagnosis (LD)/advanced HIV disease (AHD), baseline characteristics, and MDOs. Sociodemographic data and data related to contact with the health system in the 5 years before diagnosis were collected. Most of the 273 diagnoses were made in primary care (48.5%). Approximately 50.5% and 34.4% had LD and AHD criteria, respectively. Female sex was associated with a higher incidence of LD. Persons infected through the heterosexual route and those at an older age had a higher risk for LD and AHD. People with previous HIV serology presented a lower percentage of LD and AHD. In total, 10% of the health contact instances were classified as MDOs, mostly occurring in primary care. A significant increase in the median of MDOs was observed in patients with LD/AHD. Female sex and hepatitis C virus co-infection were associated with an increase in the number of MDOs. The high percentage of LD and AHD and the significant number of MDOs show that the current screening system should be improved.

Lipid profile changes associated with antiretroviral therapies in a real-world cohort. / [Artículo traducido] Cambios en el perfil lipídico asociados con las terapias antirretrovirales en una cohorte de vida real.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lipid profile changes and cardiovascular events among HIV naïve and experienced patients from a real-world cohort treated with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study in HIV naïve and experienced people at a reference hospital in Spain was done. During the follow-up (March 2015-June 2019), patients were treated with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine. Epidemiological, clinical and immunovirological variables were recorded. A statistical analysis of the lipid profile at baseline, 48 and 120 weeks after initiating the study therapy, cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, deep venous thrombosis, myocardiopathy, non-ST- segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) and cardiovascular risks factors was performed. Data were analysed in naïve and experienced patients from each of the study treatments. The data was obtained from the medical history. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v.24 software. RESULTS: A total of 266 and 191 patients receiving treatment with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine were included in the study, respectively. After 120 weeks of treatment, a worsening of the lipid profile was found in the elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate group, both in naïve and experienced patients, whereas not so conspicuously observed in the dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine group. Statistically significant differences between both groups were found in experienced patients favoring dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine; in total cholesterol (204.1 ± 38.2 vs. 187.3 ± 29.4, p < 0.001) and LDL-C (126.1 ± 31.9 vs. 113.5 ± 28.5, p = 0.001) at week 48, and in total cholesterol (201.1 ± 33.4 vs. 188.7 ± 33.9, p = 0.013) and HDL-C (54.2 ± 15.6 vs. 48.3 ± 14.3, p = 0.01) at week 120. No significant differences in cardiovascular events were found, neither in naïve nor in experienced patients. CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile among elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate group worsened throughout the follow-up, both in naïve and experienced patients, not so remarkable in the dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine group. Both regimens were well tolerated, with similar rates of cardiovascular events.

Cambios del perfil lipídico asociados con las terapias antirretrovirales en una cohorte de vida real / Lipid profile changes associated with antiretroviral therapies in a real-world cohort

Objective To compare lipid profile changes and cardiovascular events among HIV naïve and experienced patients from a real-world cohort treated with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine. Method A retrospective cohort study in HIV naïve and experienced people at a reference hospital in Spain was done. During the follow-up (March 2015–June 2019), patients were treated with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine. Epidemiological, clinical, and immunovirological variables were recorded. A statistical analysis of the lipid profile at baseline, 48, and 120 weeks after initiating the study therapy, cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, deep venous thrombosis, myocardiopathy, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), and cardiovascular risks factors was performed. Data were analysed in naïve and experienced patients from each of the study treatments. The data were obtained from the medical history. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v. 24 software. Results A total of 266 and 191 patients receiving treatment with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine were included in the study, respectively. After 120 weeks of treatment, a worsening of the lipid profile was found in the elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate group, both in naïve and experienced patients, whereas not so conspicuously observed in the dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine group... (AU)

Objetivo Comparar los cambios en el perfil lipídico y los eventos cardiovasculares en vida real en una cohorte de pacientes VIH naive y pretratados que han recibido elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabina/tenofovir alafenamida fumarato o dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudina. Método Se realizó un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en personas VIH naive y pretratadas que durante el periodo de seguimiento (marzo 2015 - junio 2019) recibieron elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabina/tenofovir alafenamida fumarato o dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudina en un hospital de referencia en España. Se registraron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas e inmunovirológicas. Se consideraron datos del perfil lipídico al inicio del estudio, a las 48 y 120 semanas después de iniciar la terapia del estudio, de los eventos cardiovasculares (infarto de miocardio, insuficiencia cardíaca, accidente cerebrovascular, trombosis venosa profunda, miocardiopatía, síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST e infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST) y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los datos se obtuvieron de la historia clínica. Se realizó un análisis estadístico utilizando el software SPSS v.24. Resultados Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 266 pacientes en tratamiento con elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabina/tenofovir alafenamida fumarato y 191 con dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudina. Después de 120 semanas de tratamiento, se observó un empeoramiento del perfil lipídico basal en el grupo elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabina/tenofovir alafenamida fumarato, tanto en pacientes naive como pretratados, no siendo tan pronunciado en el grupo de pacientes que recibieron dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudina... (AU)

Lipid profile changes associated with antiretroviral therapies in a real-world cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lipid profile changes and cardiovascular events among HIV naïve and experienced patients from a real-world cohort treated with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study in HIV naïve and experienced people at a reference hospital in Spain was done. During the follow-up (March 2015-June 2019), patients were treated with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine. Epidemiological, clinical, and immunovirological variables were recorded. A statistical analysis of the lipid profile at baseline, 48, and 120 weeks after initiating the study therapy, cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, deep venous thrombosis, myocardiopathy, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), and cardiovascular risks factors was performed. Data were analysed in naïve and experienced patients from each of the study treatments. The data were obtained from the medical history. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v. 24 software. RESULTS: A total of 266 and 191 patients receiving treatment with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine were included in the study, respectively. After 120 weeks of treatment, a worsening of the lipid profile was found in the elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate group, both in naïve and experienced patients, whereas not so conspicuously observed in the dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine group. Statistically significant differences between both groups were found in experienced patients favouring dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine; in total cholesterol (204.1±38.2 vs. 187.3±29.4, P < .001) and LDL-C (126.1±31.9 vs. 113.5±28.5, P = .001) at week 48, and in total cholesterol (201.1±33.4 vs. 188.7±33.9, P = .013) and HDL-C (54.2±15.6 vs. 48.3±14.3, P = .01) at week 120. No significant differences in cardiovascular events were found, neither in naïve nor in experienced patients. CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile among elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate group worsened throughout the follow-up, both in naïve and experienced patients, not so remarkable in the dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine group. Both regimens were well tolerated, with similar rates of cardiovascular events.

Renal profile of patients treated with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine: 120-week results from a real-world cohort.

Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (EVG/c/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC) are currently available for HIV patients. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated modifications in the renal safety profile in a large real-world cohort of patients who had received EVG/c/FTC/TAF or DTG/ABC/3TC. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of HIV-infected patients who received EVG/c/FTC/TAF or DTG/ABC/3TC between March 2015 and June 2019 at a reference hospital in north-western Spain was conducted. Epidemiological, clinical, immunovirological data and information regarding antiretroviral therapy were recorded. The statistical differences between treatments were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 457 patients were evaluated, 266 using EVG/c/FTC/TAF and 191 using DTG/ABC/3TC. Up to week 120, serum creatinine improved in both study groups among experienced patients (EVG/c/FTC/TAF 1.01±0.24 vs 0.91±0.19, p<0.001; DTG/ABC/3TC 1.08±0.24 vs 1.02±0.31, p<0.001), while in naïve patients serum creatinine remained stable compared with baseline. Statistically significant differences were found in serum creatinine when comparing both treatments at week 48 in experienced (0.94±0.21 vs 1.09±0.28, p<0.001) and naïve patients (0.89±0.16 vs 1.06±0.20, p=0.001), and among experienced patients at week 120 (0.91±0.19 vs 1.02±0.31, p=0.015) for the EVG/c/FTC/TAF and DTG/ABC/3TC groups, respectively. During the follow-up, 39 patients in EVG/c/FTC/TAF and 33 in DTG/ABC/3TC (p=0.449) discontinued treatment. The main reason for stopping treatment was adverse events, which were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: During the follow-up, patients experienced changes that were not clinically relevant in both treatment groups. Differences in renal events were not found.

Influence of drug-drug interactions on effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus.

OBJECTIVES: Direct-acting antivirals are the recommended treatment for hepatitis C-infected patients. Drug-drug interactions with concomitant treatments can cause lack of effectiveness and/or safety. The objective of this study is to characterise drug-drug interactions of direct-acting antivirals and to analyse their influence both on the effectiveness of antiviral treatment and on the overall safety of pharmacological treatment in hepatitis C-infected patients. METHODS: Observational and prospective cohort study for 3 years in the pharmaceutical care outpatient consultation of a general hospital, undertaking detection, evaluation and management of drug-drug interactions by clinical pharmacists and physicians. The main outcome measures were sustained virologic response at week 12 for effectiveness and serious drug-related adverse events for safety. Multivariate statistical analysis applied to: (a) patient basal characteristics related to presence of drug-drug interactions; (b) previous antiviral treatments, viral genotype, cirrhosis, decompensations and presence of drug-drug interactions related to the effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals. RESULTS: Of a total of 1092 patients, the majority of them were men, around 60 years old and HCV-genotype 1 mono-infected, with a high basal viral load, naive to antiviral treatment, treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and without cirrhosis. 24.5% had drug-drug interactions. Proton pump inhibitors were the concomitant drugs that caused the most drug-drug interactions. Age ≥65 years and direct-acting antivirals based on protease inhibitors were independently related to the presence of drug-drug interactions (p≤0.012). All (100%) of the therapeutic recommendations based on detected drug-drug interactions were implemented; 97.7% of patients with interactions versus 99.0% without them reached sustained virologic failure (p=0.109). The serious adverse events rates were 1.5% and 1.3% in patients with and without drug-drug interactions, respectively (p=0.841). CONCLUSIONS: Drug-drug interactions are frequent among hepatitis C-infected patients receiving treatment with direct-acting antivirals. However, the collaboration between physicians and clinical pharmacists makes it possible to detect, evaluate, avoid or clinically manage these drug-drug interactions, in order to maintain whole treatment therapeutic safety and the effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals.

Fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: profile of use in habitual practice.

OBJECTIVES: Fingolimod is the first oral drug indicated in monotherapy as a modifier of the course of very active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The safety profile of fingolimod is well established in clinical trials and post-marketing studies. Our objective was to study the profile of fingolimod use in our health area. METHODS: A retrospective, observational, descriptive study was performed on the use of fingolimod in adult patients diagnosed with RRMS between January 2015 and February 2017 or until suspension of treatment in a reference hospital in north-western Spain. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients were included with a mean±SD time of treatment with fingolimod of 26±14.6 months (range 2-53). Thirteen patients permanently discontinued the treatment (10 due to outbreaks/disease progression and 3 due to adverse effects). No statistically significant differences were found between the percentage of patients who discontinued fingolimod and who had received only one previous treatment and those who had received two or more treatments. No cases of symptomatic bradycardia were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Fingolimod is a safe treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis.

Impacto de la implantación de la prescripción electrónica asistida en la seguridad del paciente pediátrico / Impact of introducing assisted electronic prescription on paediatric patient safety

OBJETIVO: El efecto de la implantación de la prescripción electrónica asistida en la seguridad de los pacientes pediátricos ha sido poco estudiado. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los errores de medicación antes y después de su implantación en un hospital terciario. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cuasiexperimental comparativo de los errores de medicación detectados antes y después de la implantación de la prescripción electrónica. Se analizaron todas las líneas de tratamiento y se recogió el punto de la cadena donde ocurrió el error, el tipo de error y su causa. Se realizó un estudio Delphi sobre la importancia de cada error en el que participaron médicos, enfermeros y farmacéuticos. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 166 pacientes (83 en cada etapa). Se detectó algún error en el 92% de los pacientes en la etapa preimplantacional (2,8 ± 2,1 errores/paciente) y en el 7,2% en la etapa postimplantacional (0,1 ± 0,4 errores/paciente). La prescripción electrónica asistida supuso una reducción absoluta del riesgo de error de un 40% (intervalo de confianza del 95% = 35,6-44,4%). Los lapsus/despistes fueron la principal causa de error en ambos grupos. En la etapa preimplantacional se consideraron graves el 9,5% de los errores, y en la etapa postimplantacional todos fueron leves o moderados. CONCLUSIONES: La implantación de la prescripción electrónica con sistemas de ayuda a la prescripción, validación y administración de medicamentos reduce de forma significativa los errores de medicación y elimina los errores graves

OBJECTIVE: There have been very few studies on the effect of assisted electronic prescription on paediatric patient safety. The objective of this study is to compare medication errors that occurred before and after its introduction in a tertiary hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental comparative study of medication errors detected before and after assisted electronic prescription introduction. All treatment lines were analysed in order to detect the point in the chain where the medication error occurred, as well as its type and cause. A Delphi study was conducted on the importance of each medication error involving doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. RESULTS: The study included 166 patients (83 at each stage). At least one medication error was detected in 92% in the pre-introduction phase patients (2.8 ± 2.1 errors/patient) and 7.2% of post-introduction phase patients (0.1 ± 0.4 errors/patient). The assisted electronic prescription led to an absolute risk reduction of 40% (95% confidence interval = 35.6-44.4%). The main cause of error was lapses and carelessness in both stages. Medication errors were considered serious in 9.5% of cases in the pre-introduction phase, while all of them were mild or moderate in the post-introduction phase. CONCLUSIONS: The assisted electronic prescription implementation with prescription, validation and medication administration assistance systems significantly reduces medication errors and eliminates serious errors

[Increasing compliance with a surgical antibiotic prophylaxis protocol in the Urology Service.] / Incremento del cumplimiento de un protocolo de profilaxis antibiótica quirúrgica en el Servicio de Urología.

INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infectionis the most common nosocomial infection in Spain. Theuse of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) in clinical practice is frequently inadequate, confirming the need to adopt prevention strategies for this kind of infections. In this sense, promoting actions to improve the SAP in order to reduce surgical site infections is an unavoidable commitment of every surgical department. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of the PAQ after PAQ system implementation based on the use of prophylaxis protocols in compliance with the quality indicator sestablished in the Urology Department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of the SAP of the surgical procedures performed in the Urology Service of a Spanish tertiary-level hospital. An intervention based on the introduction of the prophylaxis protocols was performed. Each prophylaxis kit contains sufficient antibiotic doses to perform an adequate PAQ with a registration form where the administration of doses is recorded. A period of pre-intervention (2005-2010) and post-intervention (2012-2017) were established  and the differences in the values were determined in the following six quality indicators: indication of SAP (indicated and administered prophylaxis), antibiotic selection (according to established protocol), dose and route of administration (therapeutic dose and intravenous route), time of administration of the first dose (between15 min and 1 hour before the surgical incision), intraoperative dose (necessary if the surgery is prolonged more than twice the half-life of the antibiotic or there is significant bleeding) and duration (not to exceed 24 hours). RESULTS: Compliance with the selection of the antibiotic,the time of administration of the first dose, the duration of prophylaxis and the overall adequacy of the SAP increased after the introduction of prophylaxis protocols (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of prophylaxis protocols promotes an adequate SAP as it facilitates the appropriate antibiotic selection (active substance, dose and route) and helps to prevent SAP from being unnecessarily prolonged.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La infección de localización quirúrgica es la infección nosocomial más frecuente en España. El uso de la profilaxis antibiótica quirúrgica (PAQ) en la práctica clínica se realiza frecuentemente de manera inadecuada, lo cual pone de manifiesto la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de prevención de este tipo de infecciones. En este sentido,la promoción de acciones de mejora de la PAQ con el fin de disminuir las infecciones de localización quirúrgica es un compromiso ineludible de todo servicio quirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el incremento de la adecuación de la PAQ tras la implantación de un sistema basado en la utilización de los kits de profilaxis conforme al cumplimiento de los indicadores de calidad establecidos en el Servicio de Urología.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de la PAQ de los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados en un Servicio de Urología de un hospital español de nivel terciario. Se llevó a cabo una intervención basada en la introducción de los kits de profilaxis, cada kit de profilaxis contiene las dosis de antibiótico necesarias y suficientes para la realización de una adecuada PAQ junto con un impreso donde se registra la administración de dichas dosis. Se estableció un período pre-intervención (2005-2010) y post-intervención (2012-2017) y se determinaron las diferencias encontradas en los valores los siguientes seis indicadores de calidad: indicación de la PAQ (profilaxis indicada y administrada), selección del antibiótico (según protocolo establecido), dosis y vía de administración (dosis terapéutica y vía intravenosa), momento de la administración de la primera dosis (entre 15 min. y 1 hora antes de la incisión quirúrgica), dosis intraoperatoria (necesaria sI la cirugía se prolonga más de dos veces la vida media del antibiótico o hay hemorragia importante) y duración (no exceder 24 horas). RESULTADOS: El cumplimiento de la selección del antibiótico,el momento de administración de la primera dosis, la duración de la profilaxis y la adecuación global de la PAQ se incrementaron de manera estadísticamente significativa tras la introducción de los kits de profilaxis (p<0,001).CONCLUSIONES: La utilización kits de profilaxis constituye una estrategia de mejora que promueve la realización de una adecuada PAQ porque facilita que el antibiótico seleccionado sea el correcto (principio activo,dosis y vía) y ayuda a evitar que la PAQ se prolongue innecesariamente.

Incremento del cumplimiento de un protocolo de profilaxis antibiótica quirúrgica en el Servicio de Urología / Increasing compliance with a surgical antibiotic prophylaxis protocol in the Urology Service

INTRODUCCIÓN: La infección de localización quirúrgica es la infección nosocomial más frecuente en España. El uso de la profilaxis antibiótica quirúrgica (PAQ) en la práctica clínica se realiza frecuentemente de manera inadecuada, lo cual pone de manifiesto la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de prevención de este tipo de infecciones. En este sentido, la promoción de acciones de mejora de la PAQ con el fin de disminuir las infecciones de localización quirúrgica es un compromiso ineludible de todo servicio quirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el incremento de la adecuación de la PAQ tras la implantación de un sistema basado en la utilización de los kits de profilaxis conforme al cumplimiento de los indicadores de calidad establecidos en el Servicio de Urología. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de la PAQ de los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados en un Servicio de Urología de un hospital español de nivel terciario. Se llevó a cabo una intervención basada en la introducción de los kits de profilaxis, cada kit de profilaxis contiene las dosis de antibiótico necesarias y suficientes para la realización de una adecuada PAQ junto con un impreso donde se registra la administración de dichas dosis. Se estableció un período pre-intervención (2005-2010) y post-intervención (2012-2017) y se determinaron las diferencias encontradas en los valores los siguientes seis indicadores de calidad: indicación de la PAQ (profilaxis indicada y administrada), selección del antibiótico (según protocolo establecido), dosis y vía de administración (dosis terapéutica y vía intravenosa), momento de la administración de la primera dosis (entre 15 min. y 1 hora antes de la incisión quirúrgica), dosis intraoperatoria (necesaria sI la cirugía se prolonga más de dos veces la vida media del antibiótico o hay hemorragia importante) y duración (no exceder 24 horas). RESULTADOS: El cumplimiento de la selección del antibiótico, el momento de administración de la primera dosis, la duración de la profilaxis y la adecuación global de la PAQ se incrementaron de manera estadísticamente significativa tras la introducción de los kits de profilaxis (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La utilización kits de profilaxis constituye una estrategia de mejora que promueve la realización de una adecuada PAQ porque facilita que el antibiótico seleccionado sea el correcto (principio activo, dosis y vía) y ayuda a evitar que la PAQ se prolongue innecesariamente

INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infection is the most common nosocomial infection in Spain. The use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) in clinical practice is frequently inadequate, confirming the need to adopt prevention strategies for this kind of infections. In this sense, promoting actions to improve the SAP in order to reduce surgical site infections is an unavoidable commitment of every surgical department. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of the PAQ after PAQ system implementation based on the use of prophylaxis protocols in compliance with the quality indicators established in the Urology Department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of the SAP of the surgical procedures performed in the Urology Service of a Spanish tertiary-level hospital. An intervention based on the introduction of the prophylaxis protocols was performed. Each prophylaxis kit contains sufficient antibiotic doses to perform an adequate PAQ with a registration form where the administration of doses is recorded. A period of pre-intervention (2005- 2010) and post-intervention (2012-2017) were established and the differences in the values were determined in the following six quality indicators: indication of SAP (indicated and administered prophylaxis), antibiotic selection (according to established protocol), dose and route of administration (therapeutic dose and intravenous route), time of administration of the first dose (between 15 min and 1 hour before the surgical incision), intraoperative dose (necessary if the surgery is prolonged more than twice the half-life of the antibiotic or there is significant bleeding) and duration (not to exceed 24 hours). RESULTS: Compliance with the selection of the antibiotic, the time of administration of the first dose, the duration of prophylaxis and the overall adequacy of the SAP increased after the introduction of prophylaxis protocols (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of prophylaxis protocols promotes an adequate SAP as it facilitates the appropriate antibiotic selection (active substance, dose and route) and helps to prevent SAP from being unnecessarily prolonged

Effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C infected patients with mental disorders: Results in real clinical practice.

The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in psychiatric patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Secondary objectives included adherence and drug-drug interaction (DDIs) evaluations. Prospective observational comparative study carried out during 3 years. Psychiatric patients were included and mental illness classified by a psychiatric team based on clinical records. Main effectiveness and safety variables were sustained virologic response (SVR) at posttreatment week 12 (SVR12) and rate of on-treatment serious drug-related adverse events (AEs), respectively. A total of 242 psychiatric and 900 nonpsychiatric patients were included. SVR12 by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of psychiatric vs nonpsychiatric patients was 92.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.1-96.1) vs 96.2% (95% CI, 94.9-97.5) (P = .02). SVR12 by modified-ITT analysis was 97.8% (95% CI, 95.0-99.3) vs 98.4% (95% CI, 97.5-99.3) (P = .74). 92.2% of psychiatric patients with mental disorders secondary to multiple drug use (MDSDU) and 93.0% of psychiatric patients without MDSDU vs 96.2% of nonpsychiatric patients reached SVR12 (P = .05 and P = .20, respectively). The percentage of adherent patients to DAAs did not show differences between cohorts (P = .08). 30.2% of psychiatric patients and 27.6% of nonpsychiatric patients presented clinically relevant DDIs (P = .47). 1.7% vs 0.8% of psychiatric vs nonpsychiatric patients developed serious AEs (P = .39); no serious psychiatric AEs were present. DAAs have shown a slightly lower effectiveness in psychiatric patients with CHC, as a result of loss of follow up, which justifies the need for integrated and multidisciplinary health care teams. DAAs safety, adherence, and DDIs, however, are similar to that of nonpsychiatric patients.

[Impact of introducing assisted electronic prescription on paediatric patient safety]. / Impacto de la implantación de la prescripción electrónica asistida en la seguridad del paciente pediátrico.

OBJECTIVE: There have been very few studies on the effect of assisted electronic prescription on paediatric patient safety. The objective of this study is to compare medication errors that occurred before and after its introduction in a tertiary hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental comparative study of medication errors detected before and after assisted electronic prescription introduction. All treatment lines were analysed in order to detect the point in the chain where the medication error occurred, as well as its type and cause. A Delphi study was conducted on the importance of each medication error involving doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. RESULTS: The study included 166 patients (83 at each stage). At least one medication error was detected in 92% in the pre-introduction phase patients (2.8±2.1 errors/patient) and 7.2% of post-introduction phase patients (0.1±0.4 errors/patient). The assisted electronic prescription led to an absolute risk reduction of 40% (95% confidence interval=35.6-44.4%). The main cause of error was lapses and carelessness in both stages. Medication errors were considered serious in 9.5% of cases in the pre-introduction phase, while all of them were mild or moderate in the post-introduction phase. CONCLUSIONS: The assisted electronic prescription implementation with prescription, validation and medication administration assistance systems significantly reduces medication errors and eliminates serious errors.

Nocardiosis pulmonar tratada con tedizolid / Pulmonary nocardiosis treated with tedizolid

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